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0 -1.955 TD (literature review)Tj /TT0 1 Tf ( )Tj 0 -1.637 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.318 TD (This report addresses the question 'Do work-environment )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (improvements have any effects?' The aim was to produce a )Tj T* (summary of knowledge that includes the methodological )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (problems of measuring and evaluating effects, as well as )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (literature reviews of effects from work environment )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (improvement efforts on musculoskeletal health, health )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (promotion, and economy. )Tj 0 -1.636 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.318 TD (Results show that published literature reviews do not give )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (unambiguous support for health benefits of interventions )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (against musculoskeletal problems, when only studies using )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (natural science criteria with experimental or quasi-)Tj 0 -1.955 TD (experimental design are included. There are, on the other )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (hand, many case studies in the so called 'grey' literature that )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (report positive effects. Further, results show that health )Tj T* (promotion interventions, and especially physical activity, have )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (a positive effect on low back pain. Workplace interventions to )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (increase physical activity are effective and lead to increased )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (physical activity amongst employees. More studies are needed, )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (however, at the organisational level. )Tj 0 -1.636 TD ( )Tj 0 -1.318 TD (There is some support for the profitability of work-environment )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (investments at the organisational level; even though there are )Tj T* (few studies and methodological problems. The review also )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (indicates that the financial benefits come mostly from quality )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (and productivity improvements and, to a lesser extent from )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (reductions in costs related to sickness absenteeism. )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (While more recent literature reviews of the effects of health )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (promotion interventions seem to show a stronger effect than )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (older studies, comparisons of older versus more recent studies )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (of interventions against musculoskeletal problems give a more )Tj 0 -1.955 TD (ambiguous picture. 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